diff --git a/persona-studio/backend/routes/apikey.js b/persona-studio/backend/routes/apikey.js
index ebfcb434..c88b186a 100644
--- a/persona-studio/backend/routes/apikey.js
+++ b/persona-studio/backend/routes/apikey.js
@@ -169,6 +169,19 @@ router.post('/detect-models', async (req, res) => {
     });
   }
 
+  // 校验 URL 格式
+  try {
+    const testBase = api_base.replace(/\/+$/, '');
+    const testPath = testBase.endsWith('/v1') ? testBase + '/models' : testBase + '/v1/models';
+    new URL(testPath);
+  } catch (_e) {
+    return res.status(400).json({
+      error: true,
+      code: 'INVALID_API_BASE',
+      message: 'API Base URL 格式无效'
+    });
+  }
+
   if (!api_key || typeof api_key !== 'string') {
     return res.status(400).json({
       error: true,
@@ -216,10 +229,22 @@ router.post('/detect-models', async (req, res) => {
       cached: false
     });
   } catch (err) {
+    const errMsg = err.message || '模型检测失败';
+    let code = 'DETECT_FAILED';
+
+    // 区分 DNS / 网络 / 超时错误
+    if (/ENOTFOUND|getaddrinfo/.test(errMsg)) {
+      code = 'DNS_ERROR';
+    } else if (/ECONNREFUSED|ECONNRESET|EHOSTUNREACH|ENETUNREACH|socket hang up/.test(errMsg)) {
+      code = 'NETWORK_ERROR';
+    } else if (/timeout|ETIMEDOUT|请求超时/.test(errMsg)) {
+      code = 'TIMEOUT';
+    }
+
     res.status(502).json({
       error: true,
-      code: 'DETECT_FAILED',
-      message: err.message || '模型检测失败'
+      code: code,
+      message: errMsg
     });
   }
 });
diff --git a/persona-studio/backend/server.js b/persona-studio/backend/server.js
index 03186e7f..a4899137 100644
--- a/persona-studio/backend/server.js
+++ b/persona-studio/backend/server.js
@@ -33,6 +33,16 @@ app.get('/api/ps/health', (_req, res) => {
   });
 });
 
+// 兼容 /api/health 路径
+app.get('/api/health', (_req, res) => {
+  res.json({
+    status: 'ok',
+    service: 'persona-studio',
+    version: '1.0.0',
+    timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+  });
+});
+
 // ── 根路由 ──
 app.get('/', (_req, res) => {
   res.json({
diff --git a/persona-studio/frontend/chat.js b/persona-studio/frontend/chat.js
index c1c55e03..87029186 100644
--- a/persona-studio/frontend/chat.js
+++ b/persona-studio/frontend/chat.js
@@ -105,26 +105,9 @@ async function sendMessage() {
   sendBtn.disabled = true;
 
   try {
-    let data;
-
     if (LOGIN_MODE === 'apikey') {
-      // API Key 模式：通过后端代理调用用户的 API
-      const apiMessages = conversationHistory.slice(-20).map(function (msg) {
-        return { role: msg.role === 'assistant' ? 'assistant' : 'user', content: msg.content };
-      });
-
-      const res = await fetch(API_BASE + '/api/ps/apikey/chat', {
-        method: 'POST',
-        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-        body: JSON.stringify({
-          api_base: USER_API_BASE,
-          api_key: USER_API_KEY,
-          model: SELECTED_MODEL,
-          messages: apiMessages
-        })
-      });
-
-      data = await res.json();
+      // API Key 模式：浏览器直连用户 API（无需后端代理）
+      await streamApiKeyReply(text);
     } else {
       // 开发编号模式：使用原有后端接口
       const res = await fetch(API_BASE + '/api/ps/chat/message', {
@@ -137,17 +120,17 @@ async function sendMessage() {
         })
       });
 
-      data = await res.json();
-    }
+      var data = await res.json();
 
-    if (data.reply) {
-      appendMessage('persona', data.reply);
-      conversationHistory.push({ role: 'assistant', content: data.reply });
-    }
+      if (data.reply) {
+        appendMessage('persona', data.reply);
+        conversationHistory.push({ role: 'assistant', content: data.reply });
+      }
 
-    if (data.build_ready) {
-      buildReady = true;
-      document.getElementById('buildBtn').style.display = 'inline-flex';
+      if (data.build_ready) {
+        buildReady = true;
+        document.getElementById('buildBtn').style.display = 'inline-flex';
+      }
     }
   } catch (_err) {
     appendMessage('system', '消息发送失败，请稍后再试');
@@ -157,6 +140,103 @@ async function sendMessage() {
   input.focus();
 }
 
+/* ---- API Key 流式响应（浏览器直连） ---- */
+async function streamApiKeyReply(text) {
+  var apiMessages = conversationHistory.slice(-20).map(function (msg) {
+    return { role: msg.role === 'assistant' ? 'assistant' : 'user', content: msg.content };
+  });
+
+  var chatUrl = USER_API_BASE + '/chat/completions';
+  var reqBody = {
+    model: SELECTED_MODEL,
+    messages: apiMessages,
+    stream: true,
+    max_tokens: 2000,
+    temperature: 0.8
+  };
+
+  var res = await fetch(chatUrl, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: {
+      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+      'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + USER_API_KEY
+    },
+    body: JSON.stringify(reqBody)
+  });
+
+  if (!res.ok) {
+    var errText = '请求失败 (HTTP ' + res.status + ')';
+    try {
+      var errData = await res.json();
+      errText = errData.error?.message || errText;
+    } catch (_e) { /* ignore parse error */ }
+    appendMessage('system', '⚠️ ' + errText);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // 流式读取响应
+  var streamEl = appendStreamMessage();
+  var full = '';
+  var reader = res.body.getReader();
+  var decoder = new TextDecoder();
+  var buf = '';
+
+  while (true) {
+    var chunk = await reader.read();
+    if (chunk.done) break;
+    buf += decoder.decode(chunk.value, { stream: true });
+    var lines = buf.split('\n');
+    buf = lines.pop();
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+      var line = lines[i];
+      if (!line.startsWith('data: ')) continue;
+      var d = line.slice(6);
+      if (d === '[DONE]') continue;
+      try {
+        var parsed = JSON.parse(d);
+        var delta = parsed.choices && parsed.choices[0] && parsed.choices[0].delta && parsed.choices[0].delta.content;
+        if (delta) {
+          full += delta;
+          streamEl.textContent = full;
+        }
+      } catch (_e) { /* ignore parse error */ }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 如果没有流式内容，尝试非流式解析
+  if (!full && buf) {
+    try {
+      var jsonRes = JSON.parse(buf);
+      if (jsonRes.choices && jsonRes.choices[0] && jsonRes.choices[0].message) {
+        full = jsonRes.choices[0].message.content;
+        streamEl.textContent = full;
+      }
+    } catch (_e) { /* ignore */ }
+  }
+
+  if (full) {
+    conversationHistory.push({ role: 'assistant', content: full });
+  } else {
+    streamEl.textContent = '（未收到有效回复）';
+  }
+}
+
+/* ---- 创建流式消息气泡 ---- */
+function appendStreamMessage() {
+  var chatBody = document.getElementById('chatBody');
+  var msgDiv = document.createElement('div');
+  msgDiv.className = 'message message-persona';
+  var contentEl = document.createElement('div');
+  contentEl.className = 'msg-content';
+  contentEl.textContent = '▋';
+  msgDiv.innerHTML = '<span class="avatar">🧠</span>';
+  msgDiv.appendChild(contentEl);
+  chatBody.appendChild(msgDiv);
+  chatBody.scrollTop = chatBody.scrollHeight;
+  return contentEl;
+}
+
 /* ---- Key Handler ---- */
 function handleKeyDown(e) {
   if (e.key === 'Enter' && !e.shiftKey) {
diff --git a/persona-studio/frontend/index.html b/persona-studio/frontend/index.html
index 0fe20170..d25d6ab4 100644
--- a/persona-studio/frontend/index.html
+++ b/persona-studio/frontend/index.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
           type="text"
           id="apiBaseInput"
           class="apikey-input"
-          placeholder="API Base URL（如 https://api.openai.com）"
+          placeholder="API Base URL（可留空自动探测，如 https://api.openai.com/v1）"
           autocomplete="off"
         />
         <input
@@ -75,8 +75,19 @@
 
   <script>
     const DEV_ID_RE = /^EXP-\d{3,}$/;
+    const PROBE_TIMEOUT_MS = 8000;
     const API_BASE = getApiBase();
 
+    /* ---- 已知 API 端点列表（浏览器直连探测） ---- */
+    const KNOWN_ENDPOINTS = [
+      { label: '云雾 AI',       base: 'https://api.yunwu.ai/v1' },
+      { label: 'OpenAI',        base: 'https://api.openai.com/v1' },
+      { label: 'Google Gemini', base: 'https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/openai' },
+      { label: 'DeepSeek',      base: 'https://api.deepseek.com/v1' },
+      { label: 'Moonshot',      base: 'https://api.moonshot.cn/v1' },
+      { label: '智谱 AI',       base: 'https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4' },
+    ];
+
     function getApiBase() {
       if (location.hostname === 'localhost' || location.hostname === '127.0.0.1') {
         return 'http://localhost:3721';
@@ -84,6 +95,18 @@
       return 'https://guanghulab.com';
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 规范化 API Base URL
+     * 确保末尾无斜杠，并包含 /v1 路径
+     */
+    function normalizeApiBase(base) {
+      var normalized = base.replace(/\/+$/, '');
+      if (!normalized.match(/\/v\d+\b/) && !normalized.endsWith('/openai')) {
+        normalized += '/v1';
+      }
+      return normalized;
+    }
+
     /* ---- 开发编号登录 ---- */
     async function handleLogin(e) {
       e.preventDefault();
@@ -136,24 +159,18 @@
       return false;
     }
 
-    /* ---- API Key 模型检测 ---- */
+    /* ---- API Key 模型检测（浏览器直连，无需后端代理） ---- */
     async function handleDetectModels() {
-      const apiBase = document.getElementById('apiBaseInput').value.trim();
-      const apiKey = document.getElementById('apiKeyInput').value.trim();
-      const errorEl = document.getElementById('errorMsg');
-      const statusEl = document.getElementById('detectStatus');
-      const modelContainer = document.getElementById('modelListContainer');
-      const btn = document.getElementById('detectBtn');
+      var apiBase = document.getElementById('apiBaseInput').value.trim();
+      var apiKey = document.getElementById('apiKeyInput').value.trim();
+      var errorEl = document.getElementById('errorMsg');
+      var statusEl = document.getElementById('detectStatus');
+      var modelContainer = document.getElementById('modelListContainer');
+      var btn = document.getElementById('detectBtn');
 
       errorEl.style.display = 'none';
       modelContainer.style.display = 'none';
 
-      if (!apiBase) {
-        errorEl.textContent = '请输入 API Base URL';
-        errorEl.style.display = 'block';
-        return;
-      }
-
       if (!apiKey) {
         errorEl.textContent = '请输入 API Key';
         errorEl.style.display = 'block';
@@ -161,59 +178,67 @@
       }
 
       btn.disabled = true;
-      btn.textContent = '正在检测可用模型…';
-      statusEl.textContent = '正在检测可用模型...';
+      btn.textContent = '⏳ 正在检测可用模型…';
       statusEl.className = 'detect-status detect-loading';
       statusEl.style.display = 'block';
 
-      try {
-        const res = await fetch(API_BASE + '/api/ps/apikey/detect-models', {
-          method: 'POST',
-          headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-          body: JSON.stringify({ api_base: apiBase, api_key: apiKey })
-        });
-
-        const data = await res.json();
-
-        if (!res.ok || data.error) {
-          statusEl.textContent = data.message || '未检测到模型，请检查 API Key';
-          statusEl.className = 'detect-status detect-error';
-          btn.disabled = false;
-          btn.textContent = '🔍 检测可用模型';
-          return;
-        }
-
-        const models = data.models || [];
-        if (models.length === 0) {
-          statusEl.textContent = '未检测到可用模型';
-          statusEl.className = 'detect-status detect-error';
-          btn.disabled = false;
-          btn.textContent = '🔍 检测可用模型';
-          return;
-        }
-
-        statusEl.textContent = '检测到 ' + models.length + ' 个模型，请选择一个模型进入对话';
-        statusEl.className = 'detect-status detect-success';
-
-        renderModelList(models, apiBase, apiKey);
-        modelContainer.style.display = 'block';
-
-        btn.disabled = false;
-        btn.textContent = '🔍 重新检测';
-      } catch (fetchErr) {
-        var errMsg = '检测失败';
-        if (fetchErr instanceof TypeError) {
-          errMsg = '服务器代理未部署或不可达，请联系管理员';
-        } else if (fetchErr.name === 'AbortError') {
-          errMsg = '请求超时，请检查网络连接';
-        } else {
-          errMsg = '网络错误: ' + (fetchErr.message || '请检查网络连接');
-        }
-        statusEl.textContent = errMsg;
-        statusEl.className = 'detect-status detect-error';
-        btn.disabled = false;
-        btn.textContent = '🔍 检测可用模型';
+      /* 构建探测列表：用户端点优先，然后已知端点 */
+      var candidates = [];
+      if (apiBase) {
+        var userNorm = normalizeApiBase(apiBase);
+        candidates.push({ label: apiBase, base: userNorm });
       }
+      for (var i = 0; i < KNOWN_ENDPOINTS.length; i++) {
+        var ep = KNOWN_ENDPOINTS[i];
+        if (!apiBase || ep.base !== normalizeApiBase(apiBase)) {
+          candidates.push(ep);
+        }
+      }
+
+      var matched = false;
+      for (var ci = 0; ci < candidates.length; ci++) {
+        var candidate = candidates[ci];
+        statusEl.textContent = '🔍 探测 ' + candidate.label + '…';
+
+        try {
+          var ctrl = new AbortController();
+          var tid = setTimeout(function () { ctrl.abort(); }, PROBE_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+          var res = await fetch(candidate.base + '/models', {
+            headers: { 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + apiKey },
+            signal: ctrl.signal
+          });
+          clearTimeout(tid);
+
+          if (res.ok) {
+            var data = await res.json();
+            var models = (data.data || []).map(function (m) { return m.id; }).filter(Boolean).sort();
+
+            if (models.length === 0) continue;
+
+            /* 回填端点地址 */
+            document.getElementById('apiBaseInput').value = candidate.base;
+
+            statusEl.textContent = '✅ 检测成功（' + candidate.label + '）· 发现 ' + models.length + ' 个可用模型';
+            statusEl.className = 'detect-status detect-success';
+
+            renderModelList(models, candidate.base, apiKey);
+            modelContainer.style.display = 'block';
+            matched = true;
+            break;
+          }
+        } catch (probeErr) {
+          /* 单个端点探测失败，继续下一个 */
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!matched) {
+        statusEl.textContent = '❌ 未能检测到可用模型，请检查端点地址和密钥是否正确';
+        statusEl.className = 'detect-status detect-error';
+      }
+
+      btn.disabled = false;
+      btn.textContent = '🔍 检测可用模型';
     }
 
     /* ---- 渲染模型列表 ---- */